Pre-Bantu and The Pygmy

Based on population frequency, internal variation and mismatch distribution, we propose that L1c1b, L1c1c and L1c2 originated in Bantu ancestors, whereas L1c1a, L1c4 and L1c5 evolved among Western Pygmies. …Taking into consideration estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor of L1c and its clades together with archaeological and paleoclimatological evidence, we propose that the ancestors of Bantu and Western Pygmies separated between 60 and 30kya.

C. Batini et al. Phylogeography of the human mitochondrial L1c haplogroup: Genetic signatures of the prehistory of Central Africa Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43 (2007) 635–644. Pdf file

L1c1a, L1c4 and L1c5

Above Ls are “considered to be of Western Pygmy origin. The three L1c clades mentioned above contain most of Western Pygmy sequences, from 78% in Baka to 100% in Bakola, while Western Pygmies account for 79% of all sequences assigned to L1c1a, L1c4 and L1c5. ”

L1c1b, L1c1c and L1c2

Above Ls are “mostly composed of Bantu and African American individuals (98%),… L1c1b, L1c1c and L1c2 are characterized by a high haplotype diversity and unimodal mismatch distribution (see Fig. 2), which is typical of populations which have recently expanded (Harpending et al., 1993; ExcoYer and Schneider, 1999). All these features suggest that these haplogroups originated in Bantu or pre-Bantu populations.”